Select here to link to notice.
MI ADC R 336.2104, 2150, 2156, 2157, 2158, 2160
R 336.2150 of the Michigan Administrative Code is amended and R 336.2104, R 336.2156, R 336.2157, R 336.2158 and R 336.2160 are added as follows:
(1)PART 11. CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING
R 336.2104 Continuous emission monitoring; coal-fired electric generating units at a power plant.
Rule 1104. (1) Except as provided in R 336.2160, the owner or operator of any coal-fired electric generating unit at a power plant having a 25 MW or greater generating capacity shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous monitoring system or a sorbent trap monitoring system for the measurement of mercury.
(2) The owner or operator of any source subject to the provisions of subrule (1) of this rule shall complete the installation and performance tests of the equipment required by subrule (1) of this rule and shall begin monitoring and recording within 18 months from the effective date of this rule or by January 1, 2012, whichever is later.
R 336.2150 Performance specifications for continuous emission monitoring systems.
Rule 1150. (1) The monitoring equipment required by R 336.2101, R 336.2102,
and R 336.2103, and R 336.2104 shall be demonstrated by
the owners or operators of the monitoring equipment to meet all of the following
performance specifications:
(a) Continuous monitoring systems for measuring opacity shall comply with
performance specification 1 of appendix B to 40 C.F.R. part 60
(2000)(2007).
(b) Continuous monitoring systems for measuring nitrogen oxides shall comply
with performance specification 2 of appendix B to 40 C.F.R. part 60
(2000) (2007).
(c) Continuous monitoring systems for measuring sulfur dioxide shall comply
with performance specification 2 of appendix B to 40 C.F.R. part 60
(2000) (2007).
(d) Continuous monitoring systems for measuring oxygen shall comply with
performance specification 3 of appendix B to 40 C.F.R. part 60
(2000) (2007).
(e) Continuous monitoring systems for measuring carbon dioxide shall comply
with performance specification 3 of appendix B to 40 C.F.R. part 60
(2000) (2007).
(f) Continuous monitoring systems for measuring total vapor-phase mercury in the flue gas shall comply with performance specification 12A of appendix B to 40 C.F.R. part 60 (2007). In addition, where the average of the reference method measurements of mercury concentration during the relative accuracy test is less than 5.0 micrograms per standard cubic meter, the relative accuracy test audit is acceptable if the difference between the mean value of the monitor measurement and the reference method mean value does not exceed 1.0 micrograms per standard cubic meter.
(g) Continuous monitoring for measuring stack gas volumetric flow shall comply with the requirements of 40 C.F.R. part 75, §75.20(c) and appendix A (2007).
(2) The performance specifications set forth in subrule (1)
of this rule are adopted by reference. Copies of the performance specifications
may be inspected at the Lansing office of the air quality division of the
department of environmental quality. The following are adopted by
reference:
(a) A copy of title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, part 60,
appendix B, may be obtained from the Department of Environmental Quality, Air
Quality Division, P.0. Box 30260, Lansing, Michigan 48909-7760, at a cost as of
the time of adoption of this rule of $66.00 $67.00. A
copy may also be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
Printing Office, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15250-7954, P.O. Box 979050, St. Louis, Missouri 63197-9000, at
a cost as of the time of adoption of this rule of $66.00
$57.00, or on the United States government printing office internet web
site at http://www.gpoaccess.gpo.gov.
(b) A copy of title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, part 75, §75.20(c) and appendix A, may be obtained from the Department of Environmental Quality, Air Quality Division, P.0. Box 30260, Lansing, Michigan 48909-7760, at a cost as of the time of adoption of this rule of $72.00. A copy may also be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, P.O. Box 979050, St. Louis, Missouri 63197-9000, at a cost as of the time of adoption of this rule of $62.00, or on the United States government printing office internet web site at http://www.gpoaccess.gov.
R 336.2156 Performance testing notifications; monitoring notification.
Rule 1156. The owner or operator of any source required to install a continuous emission monitor by R 336.2101, R 336.2102, R 336.2103, or R 336.2104 shall submit to the department all of the following:
(a) A source-specific monitoring plan not less than 60 days prior to performance specification testing of the monitoring system for the review and approval of the department.
(b) A site-specific test plan not less than 30 days prior to the performance specification testing of the monitoring system for review and approval of the department.
(c) All results of performance specification testing not more than 60 days after the last date of the test.
R 336.2157 Quality assurance requirements for continuous emission monitoring systems.
Rule 1157. (1) The monitoring equipment required by R 336.2101, R 336.2102, R 336.2103, and R 336.2104 shall perform continuing quality control procedures in accordance with procedure 1 of appendix F to 40 C.F.R. part 60, adopted by reference in R 336.2802a.
(2) For mercury continuous emission monitors, where the average of the reference method measurements of mercury concentration during the relative accuracy test is less than 5.0 units of micrograms per standard cubic meter, the relative accuracy test audit is acceptable if the difference between the mean value of the monitor measurement and the reference method mean value does not exceed 1.0 units of micrograms per standard cubic meter.
(3) When a mercury continuous emission monitoring system required by R 336.2104 uses elemental mercury for daily calibration and cylinder gas audits, a single point oxidized mercury converter check shall be performed weekly using a national institute of standards and technology (NIST) traceable source of oxidized mercury. The result of the converter check shall not deviate from the reference valve by more than 5% of span or an absolute difference of 1.0 micrograms per standard cubic meter.
(4) A continuous stack gas volumetric flow monitor installed for R 336.2104 shall perform continuing quality control in accordance with the applicable quality control and quality assurance requirements of 40 C.F.R. §75.21 and part 75 appendix B, adopted by reference in R 336.2802a.
R 336.2158 Sorbent trap monitoring system methodology for mercury emission monitoring; scope; application.
Rule 1158. (1) This rule specifies sampling, analytical, and quality-assurance criteria and procedures for the performance-based monitoring of vapor-phase mercury emissions in combustion flue gas streams, using a sorbent trap monitoring system. The principle employed is continuous sampling using in-stack sorbent media coupled with analysis of the integrated samples. The performance-based approach of this method allows for use of various suitable sampling and analytical technologies while maintaining a specified and documented level of data quality through performance criteria. Persons using this method should have a thorough working knowledge of methods 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in appendices A–1 through A–3 to 40 C.F.R. part 60, as well as the determinative technique selected for analysis. All of the following apply:
(a) Analytes. The analyte measured by these procedures and specifications is total vapor-phase mercury in the flue gas, which represents the sum of elemental mercury (Hg0 , CAS Number 7439–97–6) and oxidized forms of mercury, in mass concentration units of micrograms per dry standard cubic meter (µgm/dscm).
(b) Applicability. These performance criteria and procedures are applicable to monitoring of vapor-phase mercury emissions under relatively low-dust conditions, sampling in the stack after all pollution control devices, from coal-fired electric utility steam generators which are subject to R 336.2501 to R 336.2513. Individual sample collection times can range from 30 minutes to several days in duration, depending on the mercury concentration in the stack. The monitoring system shall achieve the performance criteria specified in subrule (5) of this rule and the sorbent media capture ability shall not be exceeded. The sampling rate shall be maintained at a constant proportion to the total stack flow rate to ensure representativeness of the sample collected. Failure to achieve certain performance criteria will result in invalid mercury emissions monitoring data.
(c) Principle. Known volumes of flue gas are extracted from a stack or duct through paired, in-stack, pre-spiked sorbent media traps at an appropriate nominal flow rate. Collection of mercury on the sorbent media in the stack mitigates potential loss of mercury during transport through a probe/sample line. Paired train sampling is required to determine measurement precision and verify acceptability of the measured emissions data.
(d) The sorbent traps are recovered from the sampling system, prepared for analysis, as needed, and analyzed by any suitable determinative technique that meets the performance criteria. A section of each sorbent trap is spiked with Hg0 prior to sampling. This section is analyzed separately and the recovery value is used to correct the individual mercury sample for measurement bias.
(e) Clean handling and contamination. To avoid mercury contamination of the samples, special attention should be paid to cleanliness during transport, field handling, sampling, recovery, and laboratory analysis, as well as during preparation of the sorbent cartridges. Collection and analysis of blank samples, such as field, trip, and lab, is useful in verifying the absence of contaminant mercury.
(2) Equipment and supplies: All of the following are examples of key equipment and supplies required to perform vapor-phase mercury monitoring using a sorbent trap monitoring system. Additional equipment and supplies may be needed. Collection of paired samples is required. Also required are a volumetric flow monitor certified and maintained in accordance with 40 C.F.R., part 75, appendix A and B, adopted by reference in R 336.2802a, and an acceptable means of correcting for the stack gas moisture content by using data from certified continuous moisture monitoring. A typical sorbent trap monitoring system is shown in figure 1.
(a) Sorbent trap monitoring system. The monitoring system shall include the following components:
(i) Sorbent traps. The sorbent media used to collect mercury must be configured in a trap with 3 distinct and identical segments or sections, connected in series that are amenable to separate analyses. Section 1 is designated for primary capture of gaseous mercury. Section 2 is designated as a backup section for determination of vapor-phase mercury breakthrough. Section 3 is designated for quality assurance and quality control purposes where this section shall be spiked with a known amount of gaseous Hg0 prior to sampling and later analyzed to determine recovery efficiency. The sorbent media may be any collection material, for example, carbon or chemically-treated filter, capable of quantitatively capturing and recovering for subsequent analysis, all gaseous forms of mercury for the intended application. Selection of the sorbent media shall be based on the material's ability to achieve the performance criteria contained in subrule (5) of this rule as well as the sorbent's vapor-phase mercury capture efficiency for the emissions matrix and the expected sampling duration at the test site. The sorbent media shall be obtained from a source that can demonstrate the quality assurance and control necessary to ensure consistent reliability. The paired sorbent traps are supported on a probe or probes and inserted directly into the flue gas stream.
(ii) Sampling probe assembly. Each probe assembly shall have a leak-free attachment to the sorbent trap or traps. Each sorbent trap shall be mounted at the entrance of or within the probe such that the gas sampled enters the trap directly. Each probe/sorbent trap assembly shall be heated to a temperature sufficient to prevent liquid condensation in the sorbent trap or traps. Auxiliary heating is required only where the stack temperature is too low to prevent condensation. A calibrated thermocouple to monitor the stack temperature shall be used. A single probe capable of operating the paired sorbent traps may be used. Alternatively, individual probe/sorbent trap assemblies may be used, provided that the individual sorbent traps are co-located to ensure representative mercury monitoring and are sufficiently separated to prevent aerodynamic interference.
(iii) Moisture removal device. A robust moisture removal device or system, suitable for continuous duty, such as a Peltier cooler, shall be used to remove water vapor from the gas stream prior to entering the gas flow meter.
(iv) Vacuum pump. Use a leak-tight, vacuum pump capable of operating within the candidate system's flow range.
(v) Gas flow meter. A gas flow meter, such as a dry gas meter, thermal mass flow meter, or other suitable measurement device, shall be used to determine the total sample volume on a dry basis, in units of standard cubic meters. The meter shall be sufficiently accurate to measure the total sample volume to within 2% and must be calibrated at selected flow rates across the range of sample flow rates at which the sorbent trap monitoring system typically operates. The gas flow meter shall be equipped with any necessary auxiliary measurement devices, for example, temperature sensors or pressure measurement devices, needed to correct the sample volume to standard conditions.
(vi) Sample flow rate meter and controller. Use a flow rate indicator and controller for maintaining necessary sampling flow rates.
(vii) Temperature sensor. Follow the procedures in section 6.1.1.7 of method 5 in appendix A–3 to 40 C.F.R part 60, adopted by reference in R 336.2802a.
(viii) Barometer. Follow the procedures in section 6.1.2 of method 5 in appendix A–3 to 40 C.F.R part 60, adopted by reference in R 336.2802a.
(ix) Data logger (optional). Device for recording associated and necessary ancillary information, for example, temperatures, pressures, flow, and time.
(b) Gaseous Hg0 sorbent trap spiking system. A known mass of gaseous Hg0 shall be spiked onto section 3 of each sorbent trap prior to sampling. Any approach capable of quantitatively delivering known masses of Hg0 onto sorbent traps is acceptable. Several technologies or devices are available to meet this objective. Practicality of these technologies or devices is a function of mercury mass spike levels. Both of the following apply:
(i) For low levels, NIST-certified or NIST-traceable gas generators or tanks may be suitable, but may require long preparation times.
(ii) An alternative system, capable of delivering almost any mass required, makes use of NIST-certified or NIST-traceable mercury salt solutions (for example, Hg(NO3)2). With this system, an aliquot of known volume and concentration is added to a reaction vessel containing a reducing agent, for example, stannous chloride; the mercury salt solution is reduced to Hg0 and purged onto section 3 of the sorbent trap using an impinger sparging system.
(c) Sample analysis equipment. An analytical system capable of quantitatively recovering and quantifying total gaseous mercury from sorbent media is acceptable provided that the analysis meets the performance criteria in subrule (5) of this rule. Candidate recovery techniques include leaching, digestion, and thermal desorption. Candidate analytical techniques include ultraviolet atomic fluorescence (UV AF); ultraviolet atomic absorption (UV AA), with and without gold trapping; and in situ X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis.
Figure 1.
Typical sorbent trap monitoring system
Included with this document is an image that was not available at the time of posting on the online bulletin board. Please call BNA Plus at 1-800-452-7773 to request a copy of the print version of the image.
(3) Reagents and standards. Only NIST-certified or NIST-traceable calibration gas standards and reagents shall be used for the tests and procedures required in this rule.
(4) The following sample collection and transport procedures are required:
(a) Pre-test procedures.
(i) Selection of sampling site. Sampling site information should be obtained in accordance with method 1 in appendix A–1 to 40 C.F.R part 60. Identify a monitoring location representative of source mercury emissions. Locations shown to be free of stratification through measurement traverses for gases such as sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen may be an approach. An estimation of the expected stack mercury concentration is required to establish a target sample flow rate, total gas sample volume, and the mass of Hg0 to be spiked onto section 3 of each sorbent trap.
(ii) Pre-sampling spiking of sorbent traps. Based on the estimated mercury concentration in the stack, the target sample rate and the target sampling duration, calculate the expected mass loading for section 1 of each sorbent trap. An example calculation is contained in subrule (8)(b) of this rule. The pre-sampling spike to be added to section 3 of each sorbent trap shall be within ±50% of the expected section 1 mass loading. For each sorbent trap, keep an official record of the mass of Hg0 added to section 3. This record shall include, at a minimum, the ID number of the trap, the date and time of the spike, the name of the analyst performing the procedure, the mass of Hg0 added to section 3 of the trap (µgm), and the supporting calculations. This record shall be maintained in a format suitable for inspection and audit and shall be available to the regulatory agencies upon request.
(iii) Pre-test leak check. Perform a leak check with the sorbent traps in place. Draw a vacuum in each sample train. Adjust the vacuum in the sample train to approximately 15 inches mercury. Using the gas flow meter, determine leak rate. The leakage rate shall not exceed 4% of the target sampling rate. Once the leak check passes this criterion, carefully release the vacuum in the sample train, then seal the sorbent trap inlet until the probe is ready for insertion into the stack or duct.
(iv) Determination of flue gas characteristics. Determine or measure the flue gas measurement environment characteristics, for example, gas temperature, static pressure, gas velocity, and stack moisture, to determine ancillary requirements such as probe heating requirements, if any, initial sample rate, proportional sampling conditions, and moisture management.
(b) Sample collection.
(i) Remove the plug from the end of each sorbent trap and store each plug in a clean sorbent trap storage container.
(ii) Remove the stack or duct port cap and insert the probe or probes.
(iii) Secure the probe or probes and ensure that no leakage occurs between the duct and environment.
(iv) Record initial data, including the following:
(A) Sorbent trap ID.
(B) Start time.
(C) Starting dry gas meter readings.
(D) Initial temperatures.
(E) Set-points and any other appropriate information.
(c) Flow rate control. The following apply:
(i) Set the initial sample flow rate at the target value pursuant to subrule (4)(a)(i) of this rule.
(ii) Record the initial gas flow meter reading, stack temperature, if needed to convert to standard conditions, and meter temperatures, if needed.
(iii) For every operating hour during the sampling period, record the following:
(A) Date and time.
(B) Sample flow rate.
(C) Gas flow meter reading.
(D) Stack temperature, if needed.
(E) Flow meter temperatures, if needed.
(F) Temperatures of heated equipment such as the vacuum lines and the probes, if heated.
(G) Sampling system vacuum readings.
(H) Stack gas flow rate, as measured by the certified flow monitor.
(I) Ratio of the stack gas flow rate to the sample flow rate.
(J) Adjust the sampling flow rate to maintain proportional sampling, keeping the ratio of the stack gas flow rate to sample flow rate constant, to within ±25% of the reference ratio from the first hour of the data collection period, as described in subrule (8)(c) of this rule.
(iv) The sample flow rate through a sorbent trap monitoring system during any hour, or portion of an hour, in which the unit is not operating shall be zero.
(d) Stack gas moisture determination. Determine stack gas moisture using a continuous moisture monitoring system.
(e) Essential operating data. Obtain and record any essential operating data for the facility during the test period, for example, the barometric pressure for correcting the sample volume measured by a dry gas meter to standard conditions. At the end of the data collection period, record the final gas flow meter reading and the final values of all other essential parameters.
(f) Post test leak check. When sampling is completed, turn off the sample pump, remove the probe/sorbent trap from the port and carefully re-plug the end of each sorbent trap. All of the following apply:
(i) Perform a leak check with the sorbent traps in place, at the maximum vacuum reached during the sampling period. Use the same general approach described in subrule (4)(a)(iii) of this rule.
(ii) Record the leakage rate and vacuum. The leakage rate shall not exceed 4% of the average sampling rate for the data collection period.
(iii) Following the leak check, carefully release the vacuum in the sample train.
(g) Sample recovery. Recover each sampled sorbent trap by removing it from the probe and sealing both ends. Wipe any deposited material from the outside of the sorbent trap. Place the sorbent trap into an appropriate sample storage container; store and preserve in appropriate manner.
(h) Sample preservation, storage, and transport. While the performance criteria of this approach provides for verification of appropriate sample handling, the user should consider, determine, and plan for suitable sample preservation, storage, transport, and holding times for these measurements. The procedures in ASTM D6911–03, "Standard Guide for Packaging and Shipping Environmental Samples for Laboratory Analysis," adopted by reference in R 336.2502, shall be followed for all samples.
(i) Sample custody. Proper procedures and documentation for sample chain of custody are critical to ensuring data integrity. The chain of custody procedures in ASTM D4840–99 (reapproved 2004) "Standard Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures," adopted by reference in R 336.2502, shall be followed for all samples, including field samples and blanks.
(5) Quality assurance and quality control. Table 111 summarizes the quality assurance and quality control performance criteria that are used to validate the mercury emissions data from sorbent trap monitoring systems, including the relative accuracy test audit (RATA) requirement. Failure to achieve these performance criteria will result in invalidation of mercury emissions data.
Table 111
Quality assurance/quality control criteria for sorbent trap monitoring systems
|
QA/QC test or specification |
Acceptance criteria |
Frequency |
Consequences if not met |
|
Pre-test leak check |
≤4% of target sampling rate. |
Prior to sampling. |
Sampling shall not commence until the leak check is passed. |
|
Post-test leak check |
≤4% of average sampling rate. |
After sampling. |
** See note below. |
|
Ratio of stack gas flow rate to sample flow rate |
Not more than 5% of the hourly ratios or 5 hourly ratios (whichever is less restrictive) may deviate from the reference ratio by more than ±25%. |
Every hour throughout data collection period. |
** See note below. |
|
Sorbent trap section 2 break-through |
≤5% of section 1 Hg mass. |
Every sample. |
** See note below. |
|
Paired sorbent trap agreement |
≤10% relative deviation (RD) if the average concentration is >1.0 µg/m3. ≤20% RD if the average concentration is ≤1.0 µg/m3. results are also acceptable if absolute difference between concentrations from paired traps is ≤0.03 µg/m3. |
Every sample. |
Either invalidate the data from the paired traps or report the results from the trap with the higher Hg concentration. |
|
Spike recovery study |
Average recovery between 85% and 115% for each of the 3 spike concentration levels. |
Prior to analyzing field samples and prior to use of new sorbent media. |
Field samples shall not be analyzed until the percent recovery criteria have been met. |
|
Multipoint analyzer calibration |
Each analyzer reading within ±10% of true value and r2≥ 0.99. |
On the day of analysis, before analyzing any samples. |
Recalibrate until successful. |
|
Analysis of independent calibration standard |
Within ±10% of true value |
Following daily calibration, prior to analyzing field samples. |
Recalibrate and repeat independent standard analysis until successful. |
|
Spike recovery from section 3 of sorbent trap |
75–125% of spike amount. |
Every sample. |
** See note below. |
|
RATA |
RA ≤20.0% or mean difference ≤1.0 µg/dscm for low emitters. |
For initial certification and annually thereafter. |
Data from the system are invalidated until a RATA is passed. |
|
Gas flow meter calibration |
Calibration factor (Y) within ±5% of average value from the most recent 3-point calibration. |
At 3 settings prior to initial use and at least quarterly at 1 setting thereafter. For mass flow meters, initial calibration with stack gas is required. |
Recalibrate the meter at 3 orifice settings to determine a new value of Y. |
|
Temperature sensor calibration |
Absolute temperature measured by sensor within ±1.5% of a reference sensor. |
Prior to initial use and at least quarterly thereafter. |
Recalibrate. Sensor may not be used until specification is met. |
|
Barometer calibration |
Absolute pressure measured by instrument within ±10 mm Hg of reading with a mercury barometer. |
Prior to initial use and at least quarterly thereafter. |
Recalibrate. Instrument may not be used until specification is met. |
|
**Note: If both traps fail to meet the acceptance criteria, the data from the pair of traps are invalidated. However, if only 1 of the paired traps fails to meet this particular acceptance criterion and the other sample meets all of the applicable QA criteria, the results of the valid trap may be used for reporting under this part, provided that the measured Hg concentration is multiplied by a factor of 1.111. | |||
(6) Calibration and standardization. Only NIST-certified and NIST-traceable calibration standards, for example, calibration gases or solutions, shall be used for the spiking and analytical procedures in these rules.
(a) Gas flow meter calibration. The manufacturer or supplier of the gas flow meter should perform all necessary set-up, testing, programming, and should provide the end user with any necessary instructions to ensure that the meter will give an accurate readout of dry gas volume in standard cubic meters for the particular field application. The following apply:
(i) Initial calibration. Prior to its initial use, a calibration of the flow meter shall be performed. The initial calibration may be done by the manufacturer, by the equipment supplier, or by the end user. The following apply:
(A) If the flow meter is volumetric in nature, for example, a dry gas meter, the manufacturer, equipment supplier, or end user may perform a direct volumetric calibration using any gas.
(B) For a mass flow meter, the manufacturer, equipment supplier, or end user may calibrate the meter using a bottled gas mixture containing 12 ±0.5% carbon dioxide, 7 ±0.5% oxygen, and balance nitrogen, or these same gases in proportions more representative of the expected stack gas composition. Mass flow meters may also be initially calibrated on-site, using actual stack gas.
(ii) Initial calibration procedures. Determine an average calibration factor (Y) for the gas flow meter, by calibrating it at 3 sample flow rate settings covering the range of sample flow rates at which the sorbent trap monitoring system typically operates. Use the procedures in section 10.3.1 or the procedures in section 16 of method 5 in appendix A–3 to 40 C.F.R. part 60 as appropriate. If a dry gas meter is being calibrated, use at least 5 revolutions of the meter at each flow rate.
(iii) Alternative initial calibration procedures. Alternatively, the initial calibration of the gas flow meter may be performed using a reference gas flow meter (RGFM). The RGFM may be any of the following:
(A) A wet test meter calibrated according to section 10.3.1 of method 5 in appendix A–3 to 40 C.F.R. part 60.
(B) .A gas flow metering device calibrated at multiple flow rates using the procedures in section 16 of method 5 in appendix A–3 to 40 C.F.R. part 60.
(C) ..A NIST–traceable calibration device capable of measuring volumetric flow to an accuracy of 1%.
(iv) To calibrate the gas flow meter using the RGFM, proceed in the following manner:
(A) While the sorbent trap monitoring system is sampling the actual stack gas or a compressed gas mixture that simulates the stack gas composition (as applicable), connect the RGFM to the discharge of the system. Care should be taken to minimize the dead volume between the sample flow meter being tested and the RGFM.
(B) Concurrently measure dry gas volume with the RGFM and the flow meter being calibrated for a minimum of 10 minutes at each of 3 flow rates covering the typical range of operation of the sorbent trap monitoring system.
(C) For each 10-minute, or longer, data collection period, record the total sample volume, in units of dry standard cubic meters (dscm), measured by the RGFM and the gas flow meter being tested.
(v) Initial Calibration Factor. The following apply:
(A) Calculate an individual calibration factor Yi at each tested flow rate from paragraph (ii) or (iii) of this subdivision, as appropriate, by taking the ratio of the reference sample volume to the sample volume recorded by the gas flow meter.
(B) Average the three Yi values, to determine Y, the calibration factor for the flow meter. Each of the 3 individual values of Yi must be within ±0.02 of Y.
(C) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (ii) or (iii) of this subdivision, use the average Y value from the 3 level calibration to adjust all subsequent gas volume measurements made with the gas flow meter.
(vi) Initial on-site calibration check. For a mass flow meter that was initially calibrated using a compressed gas mixture, an on-site calibration check shall be performed before using the flow meter to provide data for this part. The following apply:
(A) While sampling stack gas, check the calibration of the flow meter at 1 intermediate flow rate typical of normal operation of the monitoring system. Follow the basic procedures in paragraph (ii) or (iii) of this subdivision.
(B) If the on-site calibration check shows that the value of Yi, the calibration factor at the tested flow rate, differs by more than 5% from the value of Y obtained in the initial calibration of the meter, repeat the full 3-level calibration of the meter using stack gas to determine a new value of Y, and apply the new Y value to all subsequent gas volume measurements made with the gas flow meter.
(vii) Ongoing quality assurance. Recalibrate the gas flow meter quarterly at 1 intermediate flow rate setting representative of normal operation of the monitoring system. The following apply:
(A) Follow paragraph (ii) or (iii) of this subdivision, as appropriate.
(B) If a quarterly recalibration shows that the value of Yi Average the three, the calibration factor at the tested flow rate, differs from the current value of Y by more than 5%, repeat the full 3-level calibration of the meter to determine a new value of Y, and apply the new Y value to all subsequent gas volume measurements made with the gas flow meter.
(b) Thermocouples and other temperature sensors. Use the procedures and criteria in section 10.3 of method 2 in appendix A–1 to 40 C.F.R. part 60. The following apply:
(i) Dial thermometers shall be calibrated against mercury-in-glass thermometers.
(ii) Calibrations shall be performed prior to initial use and at least quarterly thereafter.
(iii) At each calibration point, the absolute temperature measured by the temperature sensor shall agree to within ±1.5% of the temperature measured with the reference sensor, otherwise the sensor may not continue to be used.
(c) Barometer. Calibrate against a mercury barometer. Calibration shall be performed prior to initial use and at least quarterly thereafter. At each calibration point, the absolute pressure measured by the barometer shall agree to within ±10 millimeter mercury of the pressure measured by the mercury barometer, otherwise the barometer may not continue to be used.
(d) Other sensors and gauges. Calibrate all other sensors and gauges according to the procedures specified by the instrument manufacturer or manufacturers.
(7) Analytical procedures. The analysis of the mercury samples may be conducted using any instrument or technology capable of quantifying total mercury from the sorbent media and meeting the performance criteria in subrule (5) of this rule.
(a) Analyzer system calibration. Perform a multipoint calibration of the analyzer at 3 or more upscale points over the desired quantitative range, multiple calibration ranges shall be calibrated, if necessary. The field samples analyzed shall fall within a calibrated, quantitative range and meet the necessary performance criteria. The following apply:
(i) For samples that are suitable for aliquotting, a series of dilutions may be needed to ensure that the samples fall within a calibrated range. However, for sorbent media samples that are consumed during analysis, for example, thermal desorption techniques, extra care must be taken to ensure that the analytical system is appropriately calibrated prior to sample analysis. The calibration curve range or ranges should be determined based on the anticipated level of mercury mass on the sorbent media. Knowledge of estimated stack mercury concentrations and total sample volume may be required prior to analysis.
(ii) The calibration curve for use with the various analytical techniques, for example, UV AA, UV AF, and XRF, can be generated by directly introducing standard solutions into the analyzer or by spiking the standards onto the sorbent media and then introducing into the analyzer after preparing the sorbent/standard according to the particular analytical technique.
(iii) For each calibration curve, the value of the square of the linear correlation coefficient, for example, r2 , shall be ≥0.99, and the analyzer response shall be within ±10% of reference value at each upscale calibration point. Calibrations shall be performed on the day of the analysis, before analyzing any of the samples.
(iv) Following calibration, an independently prepared standard from a separate calibration stock solution shall be analyzed. The measured value of the independently prepared standard shall be within ±10% of the expected value.
(b) Sample preparation. Carefully separate the 3 sections of each sorbent trap. The following apply:
(i) Combine for analysis all materials associated with each section.
(ii) Any supporting substrate that the sample gas passes through prior to entering a media section including but not limited to glass wool, polyurethane foam, or other substrates shall be analyzed with that segment.
(c) Spike recovery study. Before analyzing any field samples, the laboratory shall demonstrate the ability to recover and quantify mercury from the sorbent media by performing the following spike recovery study for sorbent media traps spiked with elemental mercury. The following apply:
(i) Using the procedures described in subrules (2)(b) and (8)(b) of this rule, spike the third section of 9 sorbent traps with gaseous Hg0, for example, 3 traps at each of 3 different mass loadings, representing the range of masses anticipated in the field samples. This will yield a 3 x 3 sample matrix.
(ii) Prepare and analyze the third section of each spiked trap, using the techniques that will be used to prepare and analyze the field samples. The average recovery for each spike concentration shall be between 85% and 115%.
(iii) If multiple types of sorbent media are to be analyzed, a separate spike recovery study is required for each sorbent material.
(iv) If multiple ranges are calibrated, a separate spike recovery study is required for each range.
(d) Field sample analysis. Analyze the sorbent trap samples following the same procedures that were used for conducting the spike recovery study. The 3 sections of each sorbent trap shall be analyzed separately. The following apply:
(i) Quantify the total mass of mercury for each section based on analytical system response and the calibration curve.
(ii) Determine the spike recovery from sorbent trap section 3. The spike recovery shall be no less than 75% and no greater than 125%.
(iii) To report the final mercury mass for each trap, add together the mercury masses collected in trap sections 1 and 2.
(8) The following calculations and data analysis apply:
(a) Calculation of pre-sampling spiking level. Determine sorbent trap section 3 spiking level using estimates of the stack mercury concentration, the target sample flow rate, and the expected sample duration. First, calculate the expected mercury mass that will be collected in section 1 of the trap. The pre-sampling spike shall be within ±50% of this mass.
(b) Example calculation for an estimated stack mercury concentration of 5 µgm/m3, a target sample rate of 0.30 L/min, and a sample duration of 5 days: (0.30 L/min)*(1440 min/day)*(5 days)*(10-3m3/liter)*(5 µgm/m3) = 10.8 µgm. Therefore, a pre-sampling spike of 10.8 µgm ±50% is appropriate.
(c) Calculations for flow-proportional sampling. The following apply:
(i) For the first hour of the data collection period, determine the reference ratio of the stack gas volumetric flow rate to the sample flow rate, as follows:
Included with this document is an image that was not available at the time of posting on the online bulletin board. Please call BNA Plus at 1-800-452-7773 to request a copy of the print version of the image.
Where:
|
Rref = |
Reference ratio of hourly stack gas flow rate to hourly sample flow rate. |
|
Qref = |
Average stack gas volumetric flow rate for first hour of collection period, (scfh). |
|
Fref = |
Average sample flow rate for first hour of the collection period, in appropriate units; for example, liters/min, cc/min, dscm/min. |
|
K = |
Power of ten multiplier, to keep the value of Rref between 1 and 100. The appropriate K value will depend on the selected units of measure for the sample flow rate. |
(ii) Then, for each subsequent hour of the data collection period, calculate ratio of the stack gas flow rate to the sample flow rate using the following equation:
Included with this document is an image that was not available at the time of posting on the online bulletin board. Please call BNA Plus at 1-800-452-7773 to request a copy of the print version of the image.
Where:
|
Rh = |
Ratio of hourly stack gas flow rate to hourly sample flow rate. |
|
Qh = |
Average stack gas volumetric flow rate for the hour, (scfh). |
|
Fh = |
Average sample flow rate for the hour, in appropriate units (for example, liters/min, cc/min, dscm/min). |
|
K = |
Power of 10 multiplier, to keep the value of Rh between 1 and 100. The appropriate K value will depend on the selected units of measure for the sample flow rate and the range of expected stack gas flow rates. Maintain the value of Rh within ±25% of Rref throughout the data collection period. |
(d) Calculation of spike recovery. Calculate the percent recovery of each section 3 spike, using the following equation:
Included with this document is an image that was not available at the time of posting on the online bulletin board. Please call BNA Plus at 1-800-452-7773 to request a copy of the print version of the image.
Where:
|
%R = |
Percentage recovery of the pre-sampling spike. |
|
M3 = |
Mass of Hg recovered from section 3 of the sorbent trap, (µgm). |
|
Ms = |
Calculated Hg mass of the pre-sampling spike, subrule(4)(a)(ii) of this rule, (µgm). |
(e) Calculation of breakthrough. Calculate the percent breakthrough to the second section of the sorbent trap, using the following equation:
Included with this document is an image that was not available at the time of posting on the online bulletin board. Please call BNA Plus at 1-800-452-7773 to request a copy of the print version of the image.
Where:
|
%B = |
Percent breakthrough. |
|
M2 = |
Mass of Hg recovered from section 2 of the sorbent trap, (µgm). |
|
M1 = |
Mass of Hg recovered from section 1 of the sorbent trap, (µgm). |
(f) Calculation of mercury concentration. Calculate the mercury concentration for each sorbent trap, using the following equation:
Included with this document is an image that was not available at the time of posting on the online bulletin board. Please call BNA Plus at 1-800-452-7773 to request a copy of the print version of the image.
Where:
|
C = |
Concentration of Hg for the collection period, (µgm/dscm). |
|
M* = |
Total mass of Hg recovered from sections 1 and 2 of the sorbent trap, (µg). |
|
Vt = |
Total volume of dry gas metered during the collection period, (dscm). Standard temperature and pressure are defined as 20 °760 mm Hg, respectively. |
(g) Calculation of paired trap agreement. Calculate the relative deviation (RD) between the mercury concentrations measured with the paired sorbent traps using the following equation:
Included with this document is an image that was not available at the time of posting on the online bulletin board. Please call BNA Plus at 1-800-452-7773 to request a copy of the print version of the image.
Where:
|
RD = |
Relative deviation between the Hg concentrations from traps "a" and "b" (percent). |
|
Ca = |
Concentration of Hg for the collection period, for sorbent trap "a" (µgm/dscm). |
|
Cb = |
Concentration of Hg for the collection period, for sorbent trap "b" (µgm/dscm). |
(h) Calculation of mercury mass emissions. To calculate mercury mass emissions:
Mh = K Ch Qh th (1 – Bws)
Where:
|
Mh = |
Hg mass emissions for the hour, rounded to the nearest 3 decimal places, (ounces). |
|
K = |
Units of conversion constant, 9,978 x 10-10 oz-scm/µg-scf. |
|
Ch = |
Hourly Hg concentration, dry basis, (µg/dscm). |
|
Qh = |
Hourly stack gas volumetric flow rate, (scfh). |
|
th = |
Unit or stack operating time, (hr). |
|
Bws = |
Moisture fraction expressed as a decimal. |
(i) Use the average of the 2 Hg concentrations from the paired traps in the calculations, except as provided in table 111.
R 336.2160 Mercury low mass emitter monitoring methodology.
Rule 1160. (1) The owner or operator of an affected unit that emits less than 464 ounces (29 pounds) of mercury per year may use the mercury low mass emitter monitoring methodology after performing initial certification testing. The owner or operator of the affected unit shall perform the initial certification testing and ongoing quality assurance as described in subrules (2) and (3) of this rule. The initial test shall be performed within 60 days of the effective date of these rules or 90 days prior to the compliance date, whichever is later.
(2) For the initial certification testing, the following shall apply:
(a) The owner or operator shall perform mercury emission testing to determine the mercury concentration, for example, total vapor phase mercury, in the effluent.
(b) Testing shall be performed using 1 of the following mercury reference methods: Method 29, ASTM D6784-02, method 30A, or method 30B. A test shall consist of a minimum of 3 runs at maximum load while firing fuel or fuels with the highest mercury content.
(c) The minimum run time shall be 1 hour if method 30A is used. If method 29, ASTM D6784-02, or method 30B, is used paired samples are required for each test run and the runs shall be long enough to ensure that sufficient mercury is collected to analyze. When method 29, or ASTM D6784-02 is used the test results shall be based on the vapor phase mercury collected in the back half of the sampling train. For each method 29, ASTM D6784-02, or method 30B test run, the paired trains shall meet the relative deviation (RD) requirement specified in method 30B. If the RD specification is met, the result of the 2 samples shall be averaged arithmetically.
(d) If the unit is equipped with flue gas desulfurization or add-on mercury emission controls, the controls shall be operating normally during the testing, and for the purpose of establishing proper operation of the controls, parametric data shall be recorded.
(e) A complete test plan and test notification shall be provided to the department 30 days prior to the testing.
(3) Based on the results of emission testing, the following equation shall be used to provide a conservative estimate of the annual mercury mass emissions for the unit:
E = N K CHg Qmass
Where:
|
E = |
Estimated annual Hg mass emissions in ounces per year. |
|
N = |
8760 hours or the maximum number of operating hours per year allowed by the unit's federally enforceable permit. |
|
K = |
9.978 x 10-10 oz-scm/µg-scf. |
|
CHg = |
Highest Hg concentration (µg/scm) from any test run or 0.05 µg/scm, whichever is greater. |
|
Qmass = |
Maximum potential flow rate. |
(a) If the estimated annual mercury mass emissions are 464 ounces per year or less, the unit is eligible to use the monitoring methodology of this section, and mercury continuous emission monitoring is not required.
(b) The results of the testing performed under this rule shall be submitted as a certification application to the department, not later than 45 days after the test is completed. The calculations demonstrating that the unit emits less than 464 ounces per year shall be provided, and the default mercury concentration that will be used for mercury mass emission reporting shall be specified.
(c) Following initial certification:
(i) The default mercury concentration used to estimate the unit's annual mercury mass emissions shall be reported for each unit operating hour and shall be used to calculate hourly mercury emissions.
(ii) The mercury emission testing described in this rule shall be repeated periodically for the purpose of quality assurance, as follows:
(A) If the results of the certification testing under this rule show that the unit emits 144 ounces (9 pounds) per year or less, the first retest is required by the end of the fourth quarter following the calendar quarter of the certification test.
(B) If the results of the certification test under this section shows that the unit emits more than 144 ounces per year but less than 464 ounces per year, the first retest is required by the end of the second quarter following the calendar quarter of the certification test.
(C) Retesting shall be required either by the end of the second or fourth quarter following the quarter of the previous test, depending on the results of the previous test. To determine whether the next retest is required within 2 or 4 quarters, substitute the highest mercury concentration from the current test or 0.50 micrograms per standard cubic meter, whichever is greater, into the equation under subrule (3). If the estimated annual mass emissions exceed 144 ounces, the next test is due within 2 quarters. If the estimated annual mass emissions are 144 ounces or less, the next test is due within 4 quarters.
(d) The updated mercury default concentration shall be applied beginning with the first unit operating hour after the completion of the retest.
(e) If the unit is equipped with flue gas desulfurization system or add-on mercury controls, the owner or operator shall record the parametric data for each unit operating hour.
(f) An additional retest is required when there is a change in coal rank of the primary fuel or other significant fuel change.
(g) At the end of each calendar year, if the cumulative annual mercury mass emission from an affected unit exceeds 464 ounces, the owner or operator shall install, certify, operate, and maintain a mercury continuous emission monitoring system, or sorbent trap monitoring system, not later than 180 days after the end of the calendar year in which the emissions exceeded 464 ounces.